Lesson 06 The Sporting Spirit

How does the writer describe sport at the international level?

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport create goodwill between nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battle field. Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators; and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into feries over these absurd contests, and seriously believe—at any rate for short periods—that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

📖 全文翻译与深度讲解


🎯 第一段:反驳”体育促进和平”论

原文:

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport create goodwill between nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battle field.

翻译:

每当我听到人们说体育能在国家之间创造友好关系,说如果世界各国的普通民众能在足球场或板球场上相遇,他们就不会有意愿在战场上相见时,我总是感到惊讶。

讲解:

  • 🎭 修辞手法:”amazed”表达强烈的不认同
  • ⚔️ 对比:football/cricket(和平) vs battlefield(战争)
  • 💭 讽刺:暗示这种想法很天真

原文:

Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

翻译:

即使人们不知道具体的例子(比如1936年奥运会),不知道国际体育比赛会导致仇恨的狂欢,也可以从一般原理中推断出这一点。

讲解:

  • 📅 历史证据:1936年柏林奥运会(纳粹德国利用奥运进行政治宣传)
  • 🔥 关键词:”orgies of hatred”(仇恨的狂欢)
    • “orgies”原意是纵欲狂欢,这里指仇恨情绪的极度爆发
  • 🧠 论证方式:既有实例,又有逻辑推理

🏆 第二段:体育竞争的本质

原文:

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.

翻译:

如今实行的几乎所有体育运动都是竞技性的。你参赛是为了获胜,除非你全力以赴去赢,否则比赛就没什么意义。

讲解:

  • 核心观点:现代体育 = 竞争
  • 🎯 目的性:”play to win”(为赢而赛)
  • 📊 绝对化:”little meaning unless…”(否则毫无意义)

原文:

On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise:

翻译:

在乡村草地上,你随意分组,不涉及任何地方爱国主义情感时,确实可能只是为了娱乐和锻炼而比赛:

讲解:

  • 🌳 理想场景:”village green”(乡村草地)象征纯粹、简单
  • 👥 随意性:”pick up sides”(随便分队)
  • 关键条件:”no feeling of local patriotism”(无爱国情感)
  • 🎈 纯粹动机:”fun and exercise”(娱乐和锻炼)

原文:

but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

翻译:

但一旦涉及声誉问题,一旦你感到如果输了,你和你所代表的某个更大群体将蒙受耻辱,最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。

讲解:

  • 🔑 转折点:”as soon as”(一旦…就…)重复使用,强调转变的迅速
  • 🏅 关键词解析
    • prestige(声誉/威望):个人荣誉上升到集体层面
    • disgraced(蒙羞):失败 = 耻辱
    • savage(野蛮的):原始、不文明
    • combative instincts(好斗本能):人类的攻击性
  • ⚠️ 心理机制:集体荣誉感 → 激发原始攻击性

原文:

Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.

翻译:

任何参加过哪怕只是校园足球比赛的人都知道这一点。

讲解:

  • 👤 诉诸经验:从个人体验出发,增强说服力
  • 📉 降低门槛:”even in a school match”(即使是校园比赛)
  • 💡 暗示:连学校层面都如此,何况国际层面

⚔️ 第三段:国际体育的真相

原文:

At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.

翻译:

在国际层面,体育坦率地说就是模拟战争。

讲解:

  • 💣 核心论断:全文最重要的一句话
  • 🎭 关键词
    • frankly(坦率地说):直言不讳,揭开伪装
    • mimic(模拟/模仿):不是真战争,但本质相同
    • warfare(战争):最强烈的比喻
  • 🔍 深意:体育 = 不流血的战争

原文:

But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators;

翻译:

但重要的不是运动员的行为,而是观众的态度;

讲解:

  • 🎯 焦点转移:从球员 → 观众
  • 👥 真正问题:观众代表民众情绪
  • 🔄 逻辑递进:准备引出更深层次的问题

原文:

and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests,

翻译:

而在观众背后,是那些为这些荒谬的竞赛让自己陷入狂怒的国家,

讲解:

  • 🎭 层层递进:球员 → 观众 → 国家
  • 🌪️ 关键词
    • work themselves into furies(让自己陷入狂怒)
      • 主动使自己狂怒,强调非理性
    • absurd contests(荒谬的竞赛)
      • 作者的价值判断:体育比赛本质上很荒谬
  • 🏛️ 国家层面:上升到政治高度

原文:

and seriously believe—at any rate for short periods—that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

翻译:

并且认真地相信——至少在短时间内——跑步、跳跃和踢球是对民族美德的考验。

讲解:

  • 😂 极度讽刺
    • running, jumping and kicking a ball(跑、跳、踢球)
      • 用最简单的动词描述,凸显荒谬
    • national virtue(民族美德)
      • 高大上的词汇,形成强烈反差
  • 时间限定:”at any rate for short periods”(至少短期内)
    • 暗示这种狂热是暂时的、非理性的
  • 🎪 核心讽刺:简单的体育动作 ≠ 民族道德优越性

📊 文章结构图解

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理想观点:体育促进和平

❌ 反驳

实际情况:体育引发仇恨

原因分析:

村庄级别 → 学校级别 → 国际级别
(娱乐) (荣誉) (战争)

问题根源:

球员 → 观众 → 国家
(民族主义狂热)

🎨 写作特色总结

1️⃣ 论证手法

  • ✅ 对比论证(理想 vs 现实)
  • ✅ 递进论证(村庄 → 学校 → 国际)
  • ✅ 举例论证(1936奥运会)
  • ✅ 经验论证(校园足球赛)

2️⃣ 修辞技巧

  • 🎭 讽刺:absurd contests, national virtue
  • 🔥 夸张:orgies of hatred, furies
  • ⚔️ 比喻:mimic warfare
  • 📉 降格:将高尚的体育降为简单动作

3️⃣ 语言风格

  • 💪 直接有力:”frankly”
  • 🎯 精准用词:savage, combative, disgraced
  • 🌊 节奏感强:多次使用”as soon as”

💭 深层思考

作者真正批判的是什么?

表面 深层
体育比赛 民族主义
观众狂热 集体非理性
竞技精神 战争思维

现实意义

  • 🌍 世界杯、奥运会期间的民族情绪
  • 🏴 体育成为政治工具
  • 👥 群体狂热的危险性

📝 重点句型与表达

  1. I am always amazed when…

    • 表达强烈不认同的句型
  2. as soon as… the most savage instincts are aroused

    • 描述心理转变的经典结构
  3. frankly speaking / to be frank

    • 坦率表达观点
  4. work oneself into…

    • 使自己陷入某种状态

总结:这是一篇犀利的批判性散文,作者通过层层递进的论证,揭示了国际体育背后的民族主义本质,文笔辛辣,论证有力,是经典的议论文范本。🎯